I can't see that working. Conventional speedway needs the wheel to spin to allow the bike to go sideways, so ice racing spikes wont allow this and the bikes would be 2 wheeling around the corners, If you used small studs that would allow the rear to spin it would probably rip the studs from the tyre. The cost would be huge to try and develop it just to try it.
A more re enforced tyre carcuss looks like it's needed to me to hold the tyre together, along with a harder compound tread blocks so they don't just rip off. Of course the re enforced carcuss wouldn't allow for the tyre to flex as much and the harder tread blocks wouldn't be as grippy, but they might last a meeting.